Born in Fushun, Sichuan Province in 1932, joined the Communist Party of China (the “CPC”) in 1952 and completed his graduate studies in the Department of Political Economy at Renmin University of China (RUC) in 1954. Since the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, he has held the following positions successively: Head of the CCCPC Party Literature Research Office, Commissioner of the Research Section of the CCCPC Secretariat, Political Assistant to CPC General Secretary Hu Yaobang, Deputy Director-general of China Center for International Studies under the State Council, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (concurrently Director of the Research Institute for Marxism, Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought at the Academy), Executive Deputy Director of the Publicity Department of the Central Committee of CPC, Executive Deputy President of the Party School of the Central Committee of CPC, and Chairman of the China Reform Forum.